The research library
Sourced, plain-language articles for every compound we carry — chemistry, mechanisms, analytical characterization, and literature. Written for research context, never as usage guidance.
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Chemistry & stability, mechanisms in research, analytical methods, and literature — with verifiable sources.
Tirzepatide
Tirzepatide (LY3298176) is a synthetic 39-amino-acid linear peptide engineered as a single-molecule dual agonist of the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR) and the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R). Its sequence is derived from the native GIP backbone and incorporates two 2-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) substitutions, a C-terminal amide, and a C20 fatty-diacid moiety attached to the Lys20 side chain through a γ-glutamate / di-AEEA linker. It is offered strictly as a characterized reference material for in-vitro and analytical research. For Research Use Only — not for human or veterinary use.
5 min read · sources includedMOTS-c
MOTS-c (mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA-c) is a 16-amino-acid mitochondrial-derived peptide encoded within the mitochondrial 12S rRNA (MT-RNR1) region. It is offered as a lyophilized, HPLC-characterized reference material for in-vitro research into mitochondrial signaling and cellular energy-sensing pathways. This listing is for laboratory Research Use Only and is not for human or veterinary use.
5 min read · sources includedRetatrutide
Retatrutide (LY3437943) is a synthetic, lipid-conjugated 39-amino-acid peptide that acts as a unimolecular triple agonist of the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR), the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R), and the glucagon receptor (GCGR). It is supplied as a research-use-only reference material for in-vitro and structural studies of these class B GPCRs. Reported chemistry: molecular formula C₂₂₁H₃₄₂N₄₆O₆₈, molecular weight ≈ 4731.3 g/mol, CAS 2381089-83-2.
5 min read · sources includedNAD+
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, oxidized form) is a well-characterized pyridine dinucleotide cofactor supplied as a research-use-only reference material for in-vitro biochemistry. It comprises an adenine nucleotide and a nicotinamide nucleotide joined through a pyrophosphate bridge, and is widely used in the literature as a redox carrier and as a co-substrate for NAD-consuming enzyme classes studied in cell-free and cultured-cell systems.
5 min read · sources includedKLOW Blend
KLOW Blend is a research-use-only reference material combining four well-characterized research peptides — GHK-Cu (copper tripeptide-1), BPC-157 (a gastric-derived pentadecapeptide), TB-500 (an N-acetylated thymosin beta-4 fragment, Ac-LKKTETQ), and KPV (an alpha-MSH-derived tripeptide). As a blend it has no single CAS number, molecular formula, or molecular weight; each component is identified by its own analytical identity. The catalog strength refers to 80 mg total peptide content. It is supplied as a lyophilized powder for in-vitro and analytical research applications only and is not for human or animal use.
5 min read · sources includedCJC-1295 / Ipamorelin (no DAC)
This catalog item is a two-component research blend (catalog strength 20 mg) supplied as a lyophilized powder for Research-Use-Only applications. It pairs CJC-1295 without DAC (Mod GRF 1-29), a tetrasubstituted synthetic analog of growth-hormone-releasing hormone GHRH(1-29), with Ipamorelin, a pentapeptide selective agonist of the growth-hormone-secretagogue (ghrelin) receptor. Because it is a blend, no single CAS, molecular formula, or molecular weight applies; each component is characterized separately by sequence and analytical identity. The material is intended as a characterized reference standard for in-vitro and laboratory investigation only.
5 min read · sources includedGHK-Cu
An introduction to GHK-Cu, the copper-binding tripeptide reference material studied in matrix-biology research.
6 min read · sources includedPT-141
A cyclic melanocortin-receptor peptide used as a reference in GPCR and receptor-binding research.
5 min read · sources includedTesamorelin
Tesamorelin is a synthetic 44-amino-acid analog of human growth-hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH(1-44)) bearing a trans-3-hexenoyl modification on the N-terminal tyrosine. In research settings it is handled as a well-characterized peptide reference material (PubChem CID 16137828; CAS 218949-48-5; C₂₂₁H₃₆₆N₇₂O₆₇S; ~5135.86 g/mol) for in-vitro study of GHRH-receptor signaling, peptide-stability chemistry, and analytical identity. This listing is strictly Research Use Only and is not intended for any human or veterinary application.
5 min read · sources includedSemaglutide
Semaglutide is a synthetic, lipidated 31-residue GLP-1 receptor agonist peptide supplied as a characterized reference material for in-vitro receptor pharmacology, analytical chemistry, and comparative incretin research. This overview separates molecular identity from clinical marketing language and keeps the material in a Research-Use-Only context.
6 min read · sources includedAOD9604
AOD9604 is a synthetic 16-residue fragment related to the C-terminal region of human growth hormone. It is supplied as a characterized reference material for in-vitro peptide chemistry, fragment structure–activity work, and lipid-metabolism research. The page is intentionally framed around laboratory evidence and does not provide human-use or dosing guidance.
6 min read · sources includedCagrilintide
Cagrilintide is a synthetic, lipidated amylin-analog peptide supplied as a characterized reference material for receptor pharmacology, peptide chemistry, and comparative amylin/incretin research. This page explains the structural and assay context without turning preclinical literature into human-use claims.
6 min read · sources included5-Amino-1MQ
5-Amino-1MQ is a small-molecule methylquinolinium reference compound used in laboratory studies of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase, methylation capacity, and NAD⁺-salvage pathway biology. It is not a peptide, and this page focuses on compound identity, assay design, and evidence limits for in-vitro research.
6 min read · sources includedBPC-157
An orientation to BPC-157 as a synthetic pentadecapeptide reference material studied in cytoprotection-focused laboratory research.
6 min read · sources includedTB-500
An introduction to TB-500 as a Thymosin beta-4 fragment reference material used in cytoskeletal research contexts.
6 min read · sources includedBPC-157 / TB-500 Blend
The BPC-157 / TB-500 Blend is a defined two-component research reference material combining a gastric-derived pentadecapeptide reference with a thymosin-beta-4 fragment reference. Because it is a blend, it has no single molecular identity, CAS number, or molecular weight; each component must be characterized separately.
6 min read · sources includedGLOW Blend
GLOW Blend is a defined three-component research reference material combining GHK-Cu, BPC-157, and TB-500. The blend is presented for laboratory context only: each component has its own identity, assay history, and analytical requirements, and no single blend-level claim should be inferred from the literature on any one component.
6 min read · sources includedSemax
An introduction to Semax, a heptapeptide ACTH(4-10) analog reference material studied in neuropeptide research.
6 min read · sources includedSelank
An introduction to Selank, a synthetic tuftsin analog reference material studied in neuropeptide research.
6 min read · sources includedGlutathione
Reduced glutathione (GSH) is a well-characterized tripeptide-thiol reference material used in redox biochemistry, enzyme assays, oxidative-stress models, and GSH/GSSG measurement. This page explains the molecule’s research role and analytical context without making therapeutic claims.
6 min read · sources included