NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, oxidized form) is a well-characterized pyridine dinucleotide cofactor supplied as a research-use-only reference material for in-vitro biochemistry. It comprises an adenine nucleotide and a nicotinamide nucleotide joined through a pyrophosphate bridge, and is widely used in the literature as a redox carrier and as a co-substrate for NAD-consuming enzyme classes studied in cell-free and cultured-cell systems.
Analytical identity
NAD+ is the oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, free-acid form CAS 53-84-9, molecular formula C₂₁H₂₇N₇O₁₄P₂ with a free-acid molecular weight of approximately 663.43 g/mol (PubChem CID 5893; the protonated pyridinium cation is reported as C₂₁H₂₈N₇O₁₄P₂⁺). Catalog strength 500 mg, supplied as a lyophilized powder at ≥98% (HPLC). Identity and purity are intended to be confirmed by HPLC and spectroscopic methods on receipt.
Structure and mechanism themes
The molecule is a dinucleotide in which an adenosine 5'-monophosphate unit and a nicotinamide ribonucleotide unit are linked by a pyrophosphate bridge. In the research literature it functions as a reversible two-electron/hydride redox carrier (the NAD+/NADH couple) for oxidoreductase reactions, and as a cleavable co-substrate for NAD-consuming enzyme families — sirtuins, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases, and CD38-type ADP-ribosyl cyclases — that release nicotinamide and transfer the ADP-ribose moiety. These mechanisms are characterized in cell-free enzyme assays and in cultured-cell metabolism models.
Research context
Within cellular-energy and NAD-metabolism research, NAD+ is examined as a node connecting central redox metabolism with NAD-salvage and de-novo biosynthetic pathways. It is commonly used as a defined substrate or analytical standard in coupled-enzyme kinetic assays and in chromatographic NAD/NADH quantification methods. This material is provided strictly for laboratory research use and is not for human or veterinary use.
Every NAD+ order includes a sealed, lot-controlled vial, the completed lot documentation, and a handling & storage card. Product-specific handling follows the supplied documentation and institutional SOPs.
Evidence limits and research safety
Research findings can differ by model, assay, purity, formulation, and study design. Published cell, biochemical, and pre-clinical observations do not establish human or veterinary safety, efficacy, dosing, or suitability. Researchers should review the applicable SDS, institutional safety procedures, waste requirements, and lot-specific documentation before handling any reference material.
Related research
Credible sources
- PubChem — Nadide / NAD+ free acid (CID 5892)
- PubChem search — nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- PubMed — NAD+ metabolism literature